Narration Rules And Exercise

Narration rules and examples are easily discussed with a lot of examples here. If you have problems with narration rules and  exercise, you have come  to the hive. Sometimes the students find it difficult to understand the rules of changing narration. Considering this, I have shared some unique and simple rules on narration. I am sure if anyone goes through these rules and exercises of narration with patience and deep attention, he or she will be able to change the narration accurately. Continue reading the super rules and techniques of narration change with exercise. 

Narration এর নিয়ম এখানে অনেক উদাহরণ সহ সহজে করে আলোচনা করা হয়েছে। আপনার যদি Narration এর নিয়ম এবং অনুশীলনে সমস্যা হয় তবে আপনি ঠিক জায়গায় এসেছেন। কখনও কখনও ছাত্রদের Narration এর নিয়ম বুঝতে অসুবিধা হয়। এটি বিবেচনা করে, আমি Narration এর কিছু অনন্য এবং সহজ নিয়ম শেয়ার করেছি। আমি নিশ্চিত যে কেউ যদি ধৈর্য এবং গভীর মনোযোগের সাথে Narration এর এই নিয়মাবলী এবং অনুশীলনের মধ্য দিয়ে যায়, তবে সে Narration সঠিকভাবে পরিবর্তন করতে সক্ষম হবে। নীচের সুপার নিয়ম এবং কৌশলগুলো পড়া চালিয়ে যান।

Direct To Indirect Narration Change Rules

What the speaker says is called Narration. Narration is of two kinds. 

A. Direct Narration (direct quote) and

B. Indirect Narration (indirect quote )

Direct Narration: When a speaker's words are accurately described without any change, it is called Direct Narration. Example:- Kamal said, “ I am playing football.” A Direct Narration has two parts:

1. Reporting Verb 

2. Reported Speech

Direct.  ……Reporting verb…… ,  “ ..…Reported Speech….”

Example:  Jamal said to me,  “I shall go to college.”

                             

or, Direct.  “……Reported Speech… , ” …Reporting verb….

Example: “I shall go to college,”  Jamal said to me.

 

Reporting verbs can come first or last. Reported Speech will always remain in double inverted commas (“”).  

Indirect Narration:   When a speaker's utterance is expressed in another person's language, it is called Indirect Narration. 

Example: Kamal said that he was playing football.

Remember that, Indirect Narration will always be  Assertive Sentences.

 Person Change: 

First Person …………….    according to the subject of the reporting verb.

Second Person …………   according to the object of the reporting verb.

Third Person ……………… no change

        

When there is no listener or object of a reporting verb, we have to find out the object or listener by reading the whole passage. If it happens that the listener is no longer found, then we have to assume “me” as an object. 

Example:

Direct. He said, “I have punished the boy.”

Indirect. He told me that he had punished the boy.

Proximity word changes: নৈকট্য সূচক শব্দের পরিবর্তন।

Some proximity words are used in Direct Narration which will be turned into distance words in Indirect Narration.  Below is a list of them:

                   

 Corresponding of Tenses 

A. If the reporting verb is Present Indefinite or Future Indefinite Tense, there will be no change of Tense in reported speech.  

Direct.    ….. (pre  ind/ f. ind)……, “………. .”

                                     R.V               R.Sp

Indirect.  …….R.V…. +…R.Sp…( No Tense Change)……

 Example:

 Direct.   He says to me, “I am playing football.”

 Indirect. He tells me that he is playing football.

 Direct.  Kamal will say to me, “I have done the work.”

 Indirect.  Kamal will tell me that he has done the work.

 B. If the reporting verb is Past Indefinite, The reported speech will change as follows.  

Example:

Direct.   He said to me, “I wrote a letter.”

Indirect. He told me that he had written a letter.

Direct.   Momo said to him, “I have taken tea.”

Indirect.  Momo told him that she had taken tea.

Direct.  Ripon said to me, “I must buy a car.”

Indirect.  Ripon told me that had to buy a car.

Direct.   They said, “We could win the match.”

Indirect. They said that they could win the match.

Direct.   The boy said to me, “I always take tea with my mom.”

Indirect.  The boy told me that he always took tea with his mom.

Direct.  He said to me, “You should do the work in time.”

Indirect.  He told me that I should do the work.

Direct.   He said to me, “I should have helped the poor.”

Indirect. He told me that he should have helped the poor.

C. If the reported speech denotes some eternal truth or habitual action, there will be no change of Tense in the reported speech. 

  Example:

 Direct.   The teacher said, “The sky is blue.”

 Indirect. The teacher said that the sky is blue.

 Direct.  Father said to me, “The earth moves round the sun.”

 Indirect. Father told me that the earth moves round the sun.

Reporting Verbs will change on the basis of the kinds of sentences.

Direct N. – say/ says/ said to          Indirect N.

Assertive Sentence     →     tell/tells/told/ said to

Interrogative Sentence →     ask/asks/asked

Imperative Sentence

a. V.I.P order (King,Queen,Captain,Minister)

↓

command/commands/commanded 

b. Normal order (parents, teachers)    

            ↓

order/orders/ordered

c. advice (always)

                  ↓                          

advise/advises/advised

d. Request  (please/ kindly)                            

↓

 request/requests/requested

e. Forbiddance (do not/ never)                         

↓

forbid/forbids/for

f. Proposal (let us)                                            

↓

propose/proposes/proposed to

g. (let me/him etc)                                            

↓

tell/tells/told

Note: If the Imperative Sentence does not mean any order, advice, request, prohibition, or suggestion, the reporting verb will be ‘told’.

Optative Sentence → wish/wishes/wished

Exclamatory Sentence 

 a. Joy → exclaimed with joy/exclaims with joy/exclaimed with joy 

b. Sorrow→ exclaimed with sorrow/exclaims with sorrow /exclaimed with sorrow                            

c. wonder → wonder/wonders/wondered

Use Of Conjunction

Direct. Narration         Indirect. Narration  

Assertive Sentence →   that

Interrogative

 a.  Starting with Wh-word  → wh-word 

 b. Starting with Auxiliary Verb → if

 Imperative Sentence                        

 a. order, advice, forbidden  →    to

 b. proposal (Let us)  →  that+we+should 

 c. Let +him/me/them that+he/I/they +should

Optative Sentence →  that

Exclamatory Sentence → that

Narration Assertive Sentence

 Example:

 Direct. He said to me, “You have killed the bird.”

 Indirect.  He told me that I had killed the bird.

 Direct. Nishan said to me, “I must do well in the exam.”

 Indirect.  Nishan told me that he had to do in the exam.

Interrogative Sentence Narration

 Example:

Direct. Rima said to the man, “Where are the students playing football”

Indirect. Rima asked the man where the students were playing football.

Direct. She said to me, “Will you help me in the exam?”

Indirect.  She asked me if I would help him in the exam.

Imperative sentence narration

Example:

Direct.The captain said to the soldier, “March on.”

Indirect.  The captain commanded the soldier to march on.

Direct. The teacher said to the boy, “Read attentively to make a good result in the exam.”

Indirect. The teacher ordered the boy to read attentively to make a good result in the exam.

Direct. He said to me, “Please help me.”

Indirect.  He requested me to help him.

Direct. He said to the man, “Always speak the truth.”

Indirect. He advised the man to speak the truth always.

Direct. He said the man, “Do not run in the sun.”

Indirect. He forbade the man to run in the sun.

Direct.They said me, “Let us make a garden.”

Indirect.  They proposed to me that we should make a garden.

Direct. He said to me, “Let me do the work.”

Indirect.  He told me that he should do the work.

Narration Optative Sentence

Example:

Direct. Mother said to the son, “May Allah bless you.”

Indirect. Mother prayed the son that Allah might bless him.

Narration Exclamatory Sentence

Example:

Direct. He said, “How nice the bird is!”

Indirect.  He exclaimed with joy that the bird was very nice.

Direct. The girl said to me, “What a fool you are!”

Indirect.  The girl exclaimed with sorrow that I was a great fool.

Some words used in Direct Narration are to change in Indirect Narration as reporting verbs as follows. 

Direct. Narration       Indirect. Narration   

Good bye           →        bid/bids/bade

Good morning    →       wish/wishes/wished

Yes                     →    reply/replies/replied in the affirmative

No                    →   reply/replies/replied in the negative

Example:

Direct. He said to me, “Good ye.”

Indirect. He bade me good bye.